Relevance. Sebaceous epithelioma is characterized by solid nodules, which may be solitary or multiple. Statistical data indicate that tumors are more frequently found in middle-aged and older dogs and are often localized on the head, ears, and back. There is a breed predisposition to this tumor: cocker spaniel, Lhasa Apso, Shih Tzu, Siberian Husky, Irish Setter, and Alaskan Malamute [1]. The diagnosis of skin tumors is primarily conducted using classical histological methods. Histopathologically, moderate lobular unevenness is observed, along with the proliferation of basaloid cells with a small number of well-differentiated sebocytes, surrounded by interlobular stroma [1,3]. The improvement of these methods, complemented by immunohistochemical and electron microscopy studies, allows for increased accuracy in determining the stage and, in particular, malignancy, prognosis, and the most adequate treatment. In veterinary medicine, the treatment of skin tumors is influenced by economic factors. Thus, the therapeutic approach involves certain limitations. Surgical treatment is mainly considered, which in most cases may be the only recommended treatment [2].
Research Objective. To identify pathological changes in epithelioma in dogs.
Materials and Methods. We studied 7 dogs with skin neoplasia at the "Panda" veterinary clinic over the past six months. Histological examinations were conducted to identify tumor growth. Among the animals studied, two were confirmed to have epithelioma.
Results. The first animal was an 11-year-old Cocker Spaniel with a neoplasm on the right hind limb; the tumor was solid, and the regional lymph node was hardened. The second animal was a 6-year-old Sarmat German Shepherd with a solitary formation on the hind limb. The mass was dense, round, heterogeneous, inflamed, independent of the soft tissues, and the lymph nodes were non-reactive, measuring 10-15 cm. The neoplasm had increased in size over the past six months. All animals were diagnosed based on histological and cytological studies, and surgical removal of the tumors was performed.
The histological examination result for the first animal indicated sebaceous gland epithelioma. A predominance of basal reserve cells was noted, showing pronounced mitotic activity, with cells organized into lobules, strands, and columns. Sebocytes were seen only as individual cells within the tumor mass or as small aggregates. No metastases were found in the regional lymph node. The histological picture of the reactive benign lymph node showed, just beneath the capsule, a paracortical zone with lymphoid follicles containing germinal centers, indicating an intense immune response, apparently to a secondary infection of the tumor. For the second animal, microscopic description: the dermis showed proliferation of the epithelium of the sebaceous glands around hair follicles, some of which were enlarged forming keratinous cysts with purulence and a pronounced inflammatory infiltrate in the stroma (neutrophilic and lymphoplasmacytic).
Conclusion: Pathohistological studies confirmed the diagnosis of epithelioma. In our study, 28.57% of cases were sebaceous gland tumors. A benign tumor was diagnosed and treated surgically. No recurrences were observed after removal.
References
1. Oncology in Senior Animals with Clinical Cases by Juan Carlos Cartagena Albertus, Adrián Romairone Duarte. September, 2019.
2. Animal Oncology by S Sivaseelan. January, 2020.
3. Withrow and Macewen’s small animal clinical oncology. Saunders, 2013. Chapter 32.
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