The 20th and 21st centuries became turning points in the development of mankind. Over the past few decades, there have been rapid changes in the life of the countries of the “Western world” first, and then gradually in the life of many less developed countries in different parts of the globe. Such an amazing leap became possible due to a number of scientific discoveries that gave impetus to the development of many areas of human life. However, the russian attack on Ukraine proved that among the countries that gained access to the latest technologies and, it would seem, saw all the advantages of the “Western model of life development”, there are many countries in which the spiritual and mental development of their ruling elite remained at the level of the Middle Ages.
Thus, due to russia's invasion of the independent sovereign state of Ukraine, according to the UN, more than 4.5 million civilians left Ukraine and many Ukrainian citizens remained in their homes under the occupation authorities [1, pp. 56].
Due to daily tragedies due to the devastating attacks of the enemy throughout the territory of Ukraine, the issue of implementation and implementation of generally accepted norms and rules of international humanitarian law is urgent. One of the key such agreements was the signing of the Geneva Convention “On the Protection of the Civilian Population in Time of War” dated August 12, 1949 [2].
Therefore, based on the content of this convention, it is possible to assert a number of violations by russia of the guarantees and requirements of Article 3, in particular, on humane treatment without any hostile discrimination, including with persons from the armed forces who have laid down their arms or left the battle due to illness, injury or for any other reasons and the prohibition of such actions against these persons as violence against life and person, including all types of murder, mutilation tasks, torture and harsh treatment; taking hostages; insults to human dignity, conviction and punishment without a judicial decision by a court properly constituted and which provides the necessary judicial guarantees recognized by the civilized world.
Sick, disabled and pregnant women need special attention and special treatment, which is regulated by Article 16 [3, pp. 296]. However, numerous facts testify to terrible crimes committed by the occupiers, in particular, against these categories of the civilian population of Ukraine. There is a whole series of evidence of brutal murders, torture and rape of not only minors, but even babies. Otherwise, it cannot be called genocide of the Ukrainian people.
Also, the army of the aggressor country violated the requirements of Article 17, according to which the parties to the conflict are obliged to provide an opportunity to evacuate the most vulnerable categories of the civilian population and not to hinder the movement of humanitarian aid and doctors to places with a critical situation. Many facts testify to targeted shelling of medical vehicles, convoys with humanitarian aid and places where it is distributed to the population.
One cannot fail to mention also the barbaric attitude of the occupiers towards sick people (both military and civilians) who are undergoing inpatient treatment. Hundreds of cases of shelling of hospitals and rehabilitation facilities were recorded, as a result of which many people, in particular, medical personnel, were injured.
From the first days of the full-scale invasion, the russians violated the Geneva Conventions: they shot civilians, targeted hospitals, schools, residential buildings, and civilian vehicles. That is why on March 16, 2022, the International Court of Justice of the United Nations in the Hague passed a decision according to which russia must immediately stop military operations that began on February 24 on the territory of Ukraine, prevent armed units and formations under its control from resorting to further military actions, refrain from any what actions can provoke escalation [4].
Russia's illegal actions, which it started back in 2014, violated many normative legal acts, caused a real genocide of the Ukrainian people and led to hundreds of thousands of deaths. In particular, facts of violations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, namely Article 3 (“Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person”) and Article 5 (“No one shall be subjected to torture, or cruel, inhuman, or such that degrades his dignity, treatment and punishment”). All these crimes should be recorded accordingly, and all the perpetrators should be punished with all the severity provided by international law.
References
1. Іванов І., Симоненко А. Захист цивільного населення в умовах війни // Збірник матеріалів Міжнародного науково-практичного онлайн-семінару (м. Кривий Ріг, 29 квітня 2022 року). Кривий Ріг. – 2022. – С. 56-58.
2. Конвенція «Про захист цивільного населення під час війни» від 12 серпня 1949 року. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_154#Text (дата звернення 15.02.2024 р.).
3. Клапоущак Д. Щодо міжнародно-правового захисту цивільного населення під час збройного конфлікту // Науковий вісник Ужгородського національного університету. Серія: Право. – 2023. – Т. 2. – №. 77. – С. 294-298. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.77.2.50
4. Падалка М. А. Міжнародно-правовий захист цивільного населення під час збройних конфліктів // Проблеми сучасних трансформацій. Серія: право, публічне управління та адміністрування. – 2022. – №. 6. https://doi.org/10.54929/2786-5746-2022-6-01-10
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