Aesthetic cosmetology in the global medical space is one of the constantly and dynamically progressing branches of medicine, which successfully combines the latest technologies, progressive global trends, scientific and practical achievements and non-invasive, so-called "soft" interventions under the conditions of an individual approach to each patient. Therefore, for the time being, it is extremely important to use modern methods of anthropometric measurements for further contour correction of various areas of the face. Analysis of soft tissues is carried out with the help of a lateral cephalogram, that is, the contour of the face is analyzed in profile, which later becomes an integral part of planning a successful aesthetic intervention. The use of this technique is advisable both in orthopedic dentistry and in aesthetic cosmetology for further forecasting changes in the contours of the soft tissues of the face in order to improve the patient's appearance.
Correcting the shape of the face profile is a procedure aimed at improving the balance and proportions of a person's face when viewed from the side. The purpose of this correction may be to change the shape of the nose, chin, lower jaw or other anatomical structures of the patient's face in order to achieve the desired aesthetic result. The choice of a method of correcting the shape of a person's profile depends on the expediency of the intervention, the individual characteristics of the patient, his own vision and the advice of a specialist in the field of aesthetic cosmetology or plastic surgery. It is always recommended to consult with several qualified professionals before deciding on a procedure.
In one of the methods of anthropometry - cephalometry, special measuring linear and angular parameters are used, which allow cosmetologists-estheticians, dentists-orthodontists to analyze various aspects of the anatomical features of the face and dental-jaw structures. This method is used when planning aesthetic correction of various areas of the face, orthodontic interventions; assessment of the growth and development of the bones of the visceral skull, as well as for the diagnosis of various small anomalies of the masticatory organ and further resolution of bite problems. Analyzing the face profile is an important stage in planning aesthetic procedures or surgical interventions, such as rhinoplasty (nose plastic surgery), lip shape correction, genuplasty (chin plastic surgery), face lifting, and others. It helps to understand the options of individual characteristics of the patient and to develop an appropriate plan to achieve the desired aesthetic result.
In particular, the Ricketts line (line's Ricketts) is used to assess the anthropometric measurements of the face, with the help of which the vertical relations in the facial zones are determined. This line is known to pass through several key points on the face and is used to assess the aesthetic balance or imbalance between different anatomical formations of the face.
In order to characterize the facial profile, R. M. Ricketts proposed to take into account the location of the lips in relation to the aesthetic line (esthetic line) - the line connecting the most convex points of the nose and chin on photographs of the facial profile.
Lips become denser with age when transitioning from a temporary bite to a permanent one. In a temporary bite, the lips are located in front of the esthetic line, while in an adult, the lips should be behind the esthetic line.
The most medially protruding contour of the lower lip should be located at a distance of about 2 mm from the aesthetic line at the age of 8.5 years. The distance from this point to the aesthetic line increases with age by approximately 0.2 mm per year.
The configuration of the lips varies with age due to the change in the angle of inclination of the longitudinal axes of the incisors. Protraction of the cutting edges of the upper incisors by 3 mm leads to the protrusion of the upper lip mesially by 1 mm. Retroposition or retroclination of incisors causes distal displacement of the lower lip (retrusion).
A harmonious shape of the face profile is characterized by the location of the lip and chin points with an angle between them equal to 0.5° to 5.3°.
By measuring the parameters of E-line, it is possible to detect changes in the jaws after tooth extraction, as well as to determine the motor dysfunction of the lips after orthodontic treatment. It is known that dental extraction also has some effect on the appearance of the face, so measuring the Ricketts line allows some corrections to be made to restore the aesthetic balance of the patient's appearance.
Cosmetologists-estheticians and orthodontists are most interested in the distance of the nose, lips and chin below the E-line of Ricketts, because there are standard parameters of the value of these anatomical structures of the face in relation to the above-mentioned line.
It is important to remember that Ricketts E-lineage is a theoretical ideal that varies by population, race, and its gene pool. It is a medical concept that may vary according to cultural preferences, individual preferences and fashion trends. It should be emphasized that each person is unique and beauty can manifest itself in different forms and facial features. Therefore, the concept of "attractiveness" is quite subjective, individual and requires an ethical attitude of the esthetician.
Before and after corrective interventions
References
1.Frank Netzel, Christian Schultz "Practical guide to orthodontic diagnostics." p. 67
2.Dental Articles by Dr.Frank Spear on March 9, 2017
3. Patil HD, Nehete AB, Gulve ND, Shah KR, Aher SR 23 Evaluation of upper incisor position and its comparison with lip posture in orthodontically treated patients. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2018;17(4):53-60.
4. Joshi M, Wu LP, Maharjan S and Regmi MR. Sagittal lip positions in different skeletal malocclusions: A cephalometric analysis. Prog Orthod. 2015;16(8): 1-8.
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