The teaching of pharmaceutical botany and pharmacognosy in the training of pharmaceutical specialists requires improvement of the interrelationship of these disciplines in accordance with the Standard of higher education in the speciality 226 – "Pharmacy, industrial pharmacy" of the second (master's) level of higher education (approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine on November 4, 2022, No. 981) [1].
For this purpose, at the Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany of Bogomolets National Medical University, a complex of teaching and methodical materials was developed for teaching the elective discipline "Development of herbal medicinal products" for full-time and part-time students. The purpose of this discipline is to expand the knowledge of future pharmacists in the field of research on species diversity as a source of medicinal plant raw materials for the use of medicinal plants in pharmacy. The program involves familiarising students with modern ideas about the diversity and use of plants from different systematic groups and other living organisms in domestic and foreign medicinal products present on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. An important component of the program is to acquaint students with the types of raw materials from plants, the basic rules for their collection, and the peculiarities of identifying the species affiliation of raw materials of related medicinal plants of separate systematic groups. For example, families: Asteraceae (genera Achillea, Bidens, Chamomilla, Tussilago, Petasites, Artemisia) or Lamiaceae (genera Thymus, Salvia), or representatives of individual genera – such as Equisetum, Hypericum, Crataegus, etc., which are widely used in domestic and foreign medicinal products of plant origin [2]. Such knowledge is a valuable link between the two main disciplines and complements each of them.
To form a holistic view of the origin of medicinal raw materials, the program includes new materials on the diversity of wild and cultivated raw materials in Ukraine; state and prospects of its use in medicinal products. In this context, information on the species diversity of medicinal plants of domestic and foreign origin in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine is also provided.
Special attention is paid to familiarising students with general information about the content of the main groups of biologically active substances in plants, which will be studied in detail in the course of pharmacognosy. These materials are presented in terms of the regularity of the accumulation of active substances by plants of different systematic groups and the peculiarities of the accumulation of the main groups of biologically active compounds by plants depending on weather factors, insolation and latitudinal distribution. Data on the ability of plants to selectively absorb certain chemical elements and threats and risks of contamination of raw medicinal plants are briefly presented.
Considerable attention is paid to highlighting information about medicinal plants, the raw materials of which are most often used in medicinal products of herbal origin, with examples of medicinal products of the domestic pharmaceutical market included in the State Register of Medicinal Products of Ukraine [3]. The normative and legal documents that regulate the creation of medicinal products of plant origin and the principles of combining raw materials of medicinal plants in medicinal products (multi- and single-component medicinal products of multidirectional action from medicinal plants of separate systematic groups) are briefly analyzed.
References:
1. Стандарт вищої освіти другого (магістерського) рівня, галузі знань 22 Охорона здоров’я спеціальності 226 Фармація, промислова фармація. Міністерство освіти і науки України, Київ. 2022. 27 с. URL: https://mon.gov.ua/storage/app/media/vishcha-osvita/zatverdzeni%20standarty/2022/11/11/226-Farmatsiya.promyslova.farmatsiya.mahistr-981-04.11.2022.pdf
2. Minarchenko V. M., Lysiuk R. M., Kovalska N. P. Medicinal plant resources: textbook, Kyiv: PALYVODA A. V., 2019. – 240 p. ISBN 978-966-437-551-8
3. Державний реєстр лікарських засобів України. URL: http://www.drlz.com.ua/ibp/ddsite.nsf/all/shlist?opendocument
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