Aviation is one of the most dynamic industries in the world, which is closely related to global communications and transport networks. Communication in aviation requires accuracy, clarity and reliability, and effective communication between the various parties – from pilots and flight engineers to controllers and passengers – plays a critical role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of flights.
Researching the specifics of the translation of aviation terms is a relevant and significant task, as it contributes to improving the efficiency and safety of aviation processes. Correct and clear translation of aviation terms ensures effective interaction between aviation specialists of different countries and cultures, helping to prevent misunderstandings, mistakes and possible accidents.
Considering the Ukrainian aviation terminological system, one can guess that the meaning of this concept is quite difficult to outline. Today, there is no unambiguous interpretation of the term "term". This is explained by the fact that the term is an object of research in linguistics, and this requires both various approaches and various interpretations. As you know, there are about 20 interpretations of this concept, but it should be noted that not all of them are successful and accurate.
I. S. Kvitko, in his scientific works, used different definitions of this term as a basis. After analyzing many similar ones, he came to the following definition: “a term is a word or a verbal complex that correlates with the concept of a certain organized field of knowledge (science, technology), which enter into systemic relations with other words and verbal complexes and form together with them, in in each individual case and at a certain time, a closed system characterized by high informativeness, ambiguity, accuracy and expressive neutrality”.
The definition, which is considered the most universal, was proposed by B. N. Golovin: "A term is a word or phrase that expresses and forms a professional concept and is used in the process of learning, learning a certain range of objects and relationships between them - from the point of view of a certain profession".
Classification of aviation terminology helps organize this specialized vocabulary and enables aviation professionals to understand and use it more effectively. Aviation terms are divided into the following types: aircraft, aircraft design, airport, landing pad, flight, navigation, safety, maintenance, and communications terms.
The term "translational transformation" is used in the theory and practice of translation. Each linguist offers his own definition and classification of this concept. The most popular is the classification of V. M. Komissarov. The scientist distinguishes the following transformations:
1. Lexical.
2. Grammatical.
3. Lexical and grammatical.
4. Lexical-semantic.
Most often, lexical and grammatical transformations are used, since there is no equivalent in the translation language, and the grammatical norms of the two languages do not match. Due to the different perception of the picture of the world by speakers of two languages, translators can apply lexical-semantic transformations to facilitate the understanding of terms in the target language. The group of lexical-grammatical transformations is used most rarely.
Therefore, the main goal of the translation is to achieve adequacy, i.e., transfer the semantic content of the original and complete functional and stylistic correspondence to it. Despite the fact that the original text cannot be identical to the translated text, since the source language and the translated language have their own limitations, the preservation of the content and quality of the original text is achieved with the help of translation transformations.
СПИСОК ВИКОРИСТАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ
1.Асмукович, І. В. Гіперо-гіпонімія в авіаційній терміносистемі англійської мови / І. В. Асмукович // Проблеми семантики, прагматики та когнітивної лінгвістики : зб. наук. пр. – К. : Київськ. нац. ун-т ім. Тараса Шевченка, 2011. – № 20. – с. 10–17.
2.Ковтун, О. В. Особливості перекладу англійських авіаційних термінів українською мовою / О. В. Ковтун // Соціокультурні та етнолінгвістичні проблеми галузевого перекладу в парадигмі євроінтеграції» / Київ : АграрМедіаГруп., 2010. – С. 182–186.
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Науковий керівник: Кравчук Валентина Вікторівна, старший викладач, Національний аерокосмічний університет ім. М. Є. Жуковського "Харківський авіаційний інститут"
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