Aviation terminology is a young terminology system that is still in the process of formation, so the study of general trends in the translation of terms into English and Ukrainian and its individual features is interesting, in our opinion, both from a theoretical and practical point of view.
The main lexical feature of scientific and technical texts is the widespread use of special vocabulary, the main place in which is occupied by terms. In aviation-related scientific and technical texts, terms play a significant role. In the vast majority of cases, translation is based on ready-made terms that already exist in the target language in this field, but the main prerequisite for correct translation is knowledge of the subject matter in question, as the meaning of a term may vary depending on the context.
Classification plays an important role in the study of terms, as it helps to reveal and identify the logical and conceptual structure of terms. Currently, there are various classifications of terms.
The study of civil aviation terms is carried out on the basis of lexicographic sources - dictionaries of aviation topics: D. Crocker's Dictionary of Aviation. In this dictionary, each term has a simple interpretation in English, and abbreviations are deciphered and explained.
Depending on the category of the concept denoted by the term, six types of terminology are distinguished:
1) object terms are terms that refer to different objects of reality, i.e. material objects. For example: hand controller, cabin, half-cone centerbody [1].
2) process terms is a category that includes terms created to reflect various processes related to aviation: maintenance, maintenance activities, natural convection [1].
3) terms of attributes - the group is represented by adjectives that describe the attributes of aviation objects and phenomena, for example: aerostatic, aerobatic [1].
4) terms of quantities and their units - the category includes terminological units that reflect the results of measuring the environment for a successful flight. For example: absolute ceiling, absolute humidity [1].
5) terms of abstract concepts - the category arose by including concepts that reflect various phenomena and abstract concepts in the terminology system we are studying: labor-intensive maintenance, navigation computations [1].
6) logical terms: D. Crocker's dictionary identifies two terms that are logical statements: according to instructions, according to requirements [1].
Another classification distinguishes 2 types of aviation terms: words and phrases.
Phrase terms are the most common group. For example: abnormal load, absolute humidity, landing beacon [1].
Word terms are quite common, with the largest number of them being nouns. For example: aeronautics, hangar, jato. Less common are adjectives: aerobatic, backup, verbs: advect [1].
СПИСОК ВИКОРИСТАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ
1.Collins English Dictionary. URL: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/.
2.Crocker D. Dictionary of Aviation. - 2nd edition. A&C Black, Bloomsbury, 2007. - 290 с
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Науковий керівник: Коршунова Ірина Миколаївна, старший викладач, Національний аерокосмічний університет ім. М. Є. Жуковського "Харківський авіаційний інститут"
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