Behavior is a set of interrelated reactions that a person performs to adapt to the environment [1]. Five main forms of human behavior in a social group are considered:
- Proclaims human kindness, adherence only to high principles of conduct (honesty, decency, generosity, wisdom, etc.);
- Built on the principles of social morality, which allows deviations and shortcomings, which recognizes the dialectical unity of good and evil;
- Behavior is inherent in people who constantly violate the moral code of society;
- Absolutely immoral, illegal, which precludes compliance with public morality.
The criterion basis of human behavior includes those stable characteristics of his personality, which determine the choice, decision-making by a person about his behavior. Of course, such decisions are influenced by the goals pursued by man, the conditions in which actions unfold, mood and a number of other factors. But with such a variety of factors, the behavior of each individual is characterized by stability and predictability, certain proper principles of behavior, criteria of choice and preference, taboos and other similar issues. Moreover, in exactly the same situations, if there is one, different people can make completely different decisions. And these decisions should relate to the company's positioning in the global environment, when the quality of access to international markets depends on the individual's behavior. And this will again be determined by the fact that they have different criteria, which sets their priorities and assessment of events in the international environment.
The criterion base of a person's behavior consists of his commitment to people, events and processes, the set of values shared by that person, the set of beliefs that a person adheres to, and the principles that he adheres to in his behavior. All these components of the criterion base of behavior are in close interaction, interaction and mutual penetration. But despite the significant interdependence, they can be considered as relatively separate characteristics of a person's personality that affect his behavior. Criteria for assessing the behavior of a person in a global environment are subject to the conditions of nanoeconomy, because the human economy has its own apparatus for classifying behavior. Yes, behavior can be rational, quasi-rational and irrational. Studies of rational behavior involve optimizing the processes of influence of decision-making on the entry of companies into the international environment. Quasi-rational and irrational behavior becomes such that it is difficult to analyze and take into account, spontaneous actions and decisions must be so much that the activity was as predictable as possible [2]. This is especially appreciated in the context of the global environment. The model of human inclusion in the global environment is shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Model of human inclusion in the global environment
A person's commitment to people, individual processes, the environment, devotion to his work, the economy as a whole plays a very important role in establishing a normal relationship between man and the economic environment. The same phenomenon or action, which has the same manifestations and has the same effect on people, can cause a different reaction depending on the fact that people have different attachments to this phenomenon and action. Reflecting a person's feelings, attitudes toward a particular object, commitment makes his decisions and actions individual. It is important to emphasize that a person usually has a specific attachment to every object or phenomenon that he encounters in life. Commitment must relate to internal and external factors. Thus, the internal environment concerns the activities of the enterprise and its condition, in particular, internal factors are goals, structure, objectives, technologies and personnel. External factors involve a wide range of factors: economic, legal, political, cultural, scientific and technical, and so on. The human economy actively influences the formation of such factors and the creation of a global external environment [3].
Important for an efficient economy, establishing good relations in the group are three types of commitment:
- Job satisfaction;
- Enthusiasm for work;
- Commitment to the group.
The nature and content of work have the greatest influence on increasing job satisfaction, in particular in the international team. It is necessary to consider in more detail the influence of individual components of this factor.
For a long time, standardization and specialization of work were considered and in our practice were a strong source of productivity. Standardization is the process of identifying unified actions that allow to obtain a product that meets the high requirements of the modern world, in particular also meets the standards of ISO and other structures involved in the allocation of standards for the production of goods and services. Specialization is the process of identifying certain actions that can be performed by individual employees with high productivity.
The processes of standardization and specialization are quite common in the international environment. This ISO produces standards for a wide variety of goods and services and the workers who manufacture these products become the basis for globalization processes in the world. Specialization becomes a process in which individual countries, enterprises and individuals are characterized by the performance of certain actions and functions. This is what distinguishes these actors in the international environment. Yes, Ukraine specializes in information technology, which is produced by specialists in this field, but the basis of such specialization is IT specialists, individuals working in this field.
It should be noted that the higher the standardization and specialization, the higher the productivity. But the relationship between job satisfaction and its standardization and specialization is different. If the work is not standardized at all, then job satisfaction is low. As specialization and standardization increase, it begins to grow, but until a certain point, after which it begins to decline rapidly. With full standardization, satisfaction falls to the same low level if the work was not standardized at all. Therefore, management needs to think about how to reduce the negative impact on job satisfaction caused by high standardization and specialization [4]. The two most common ways to do this are to rotate and expand your production responsibilities by setting additional tasks for the employee.
Standardization is the basis for the spread of globalization processes, because it is a series of actions to unify production processes is the result of standardization. The well-known thesis that globalization is a system of subordination of all national to international norms and standards, becomes the basis for understanding the impact of this factor on the formation of the global environment.
Specialization is also the reverse of standardization, when efforts are distributed on the selective capabilities of production processes. Known specialization in international economic relations, there are also many works by researchers from A. Smith and D. Ricardo to E. Heckscher and B. Olin and institutional scientists. They provide for the separation of industries whose products will be exported and the identification of goods for import. The behavior of people in the nanoeconomy should influence the intensification of export-import relations. Thus, taking into account the behavior of stereotypes of nations about doing business, negotiations, cooperation with a wide range of international partners leads to more favorable relations in the global environment.
There is such a thing as values, which have a great influence on a person's preferences, on the decisions he makes. Values are at the heart of a person's personality. They are quite stable over time and there are many of them. Usually values are seen as the normative basis and foundation of human behavior. Values are of two types:
− Values related to life goals, desired results, etc. Such life goals relate to various aspects of the development of national stereotypes of economic behavior. For some nations the values of the goals of life are basic, for others such a role is played by providing values;
− Values that refer to the means a person uses to achieve goals. These values are the mechanism for achieving the goals of life and there are many of them and, in addition, they are also different for different nations.
A person's value system is formed mainly in the process of his upbringing and education of a specialist [1]. Competence is a multifactorial quality of a specialist. It presupposes not only the presence of a certain amount of knowledge, skills, experience and personal qualities that are very important factors for achieving high results in professional activities, but also the value orientations of the specialist, his awareness of his place in society and understanding of the world around him. style of interaction with other people, the general culture of the individual, as well as abilities and opportunities for continuous improvement of their own creative potential. Competences become the basis for the formation of behavior in international economic relations, when the creative potential of the individual must be used to the fullest. Competences are acquired within a certain country when there is training and education in universities in particular, and then the young person finds an effective way to work in such jobs that need such specialists the most. Specialization becomes the basis for holding a position with certain characteristics. On the other hand, the world's leading companies track and search for specialized specialists and offer decent wages.
Competence is a set of interrelated personality qualities (knowledge, skills, abilities, means of activity) that are set in relation to the relevant range of objects and processes, and necessary to act qualitatively productively in relation to them. Accordingly, competence is a person's possession of competence, which includes his personal attitude to it, as well as to the subject of activity. Thus, the competence helps the specialist to solve difficult situations and vital problems, gives the opportunity to act effectively in all spheres of his professional activity in the framework of international economic relations.
Note that at the present stage of development of the behaviorist approach in the nanoeconomy, we should distinguish three main aspects of the human factor in the economy, namely: the behavior of individuals; behavior of people in groups; the nature of the behavior of the leader, leadership.
References:
1. Організаційна поведінка: Підручник. / Новак В.О., Мостенська Т.Л., Ільєнко О.В. – К.: Кондор-Видавництво, 2012, - 498с.
2. Прядко В.В. Економічна ефективність виробництва: проблеми теорії та методології управління. – К.: Наукова думка, 2003, - 282с.
3. Сухарський В.С. Менеджмент: Навчальний посібник. – Тернопіль: Астон, 2001, - 340с.
4. Gibson J.L., Ivancevich J.M., Donnelly J.H. Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes. 7th ed. (Boston, 2004)
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