The question of narrative always involves a high level of reflection. The interaction of the individual with society at different levels of the organization creates a problematic field of authenticity of messages, as a response to revolutionary demands. A set of interconnected real, and more often fictional events under the influence of our personal or collective impressions, we tell the stories of our own lives. Thus, a person tells about himself to society, striving to create interaction without including himself emotionally in the process itself.
The narrative is communicated by the narrator. There are explicit and implicit narrators. An explicit is a person who physically communicates a narrative, such as a reader or reporter. Such a narrator inevitably leaves an imprint of personal experience on the message. An implicit narrator does not exist literally, it is a reflection in the text of the author's position, which is communicated through the characters or the author's own appeal to readers, listeners or viewers. The narrative can be performed not by one narrator, but through a number of them: primary and secondary narrators
Sociologists Jaber F. Gubrium and James A. Holstein have contributed to the formation of a constructionist approach to narrative in sociology. From their book The Self We Live By: Narrative Identity in a Postmodern World (2000), to more recent texts such as Analyzing Narrative Reality (2009) and Varieties of Narrative Analysis (2012), they have developed an analytic framework for researching stories and storytelling that is centered on the interplay of institutional discourses (big stories) on the one hand, and everyday accounts (little stories) on the other. The goal is the sociological understanding of formal and lived texts of experience, featuring the production, practices, and communication of accounts.
Taking into account the historical context, the meaning of the narrative is revealed through the stories of peoples, images in which the individual plays a role without entering into real interaction.
At all stages of ontogenetic development, we lose our own archetypes by reflection and inclusion in the history of others, on the basis of which we create our own. Yes, this process is reflected in history "Story" refers to the actual chronology of events in a narrative; discourse refers to the manipulation of that story in the presentation of the narrative. These terms refer, then, to the basic structure of all narrative form. Story refers, in most cases, only to what has to be reconstructed from a narrative; the chronological sequence of events as they actually occurred in the time-space (or diegetic) universe of the narrative being read. The closest a film narrative ever comes to pure story is in what is termed "real time." In literature, it's even harder to present material in real time.
One example occurs at the end of the Odyssey (Book XXIII, pages 467-68); Odysseus here presents the story of his adventures to Penelope in almost pure "story" form, that is, in the chronological order of occurence. Stories are rarely recounted in this fashion, however. So, for example, when the Odyssey actually begins, we do not find ourselves at the chronological start of the story but in medias res, when Odysseus is about to be freed from the isle of Calypso (which actually occurs nearly at the end of the chronological story which Odysseus relates to Penelope on p. 467).
Discourse is a linguistic sign of a higher (social) order, compared to the text, and like any sign, has a material shell and an ideal meaning. Therefore, discourse cannot be studied in isolation from its environment.
In Latin, the word "discursus" meant "talking about something." In the sense of "communication" it is known in classical Latin, and in medieval Latin acquires an additional meaning - "reasoning". In the European Renaissance, in the late sixteenth century, "discursus" began to be used for oral or written discussion of something. At the same time, there are "discours" and "discourse" to denote the process of understanding, explaining, reflecting on something by the subject, mainly in the form of a formal speech or discussion.
First of all, it is a social reality, which is constructed by the action of individuals in the process of symbolic interaction with each other. An important function is also performed by language, which serves as a factor in coordinating the actions of participants in the discourse, which includes means of nonverbal communication.
Thus, having carried out a theoretical analysis of the concept of narrative and its significance in social communication, we can assert the following thesis - narrative has a therapeutic effect through the catharsis of the individual. By removing the psychological tension from ourselves, including others in our history, we touch the collective unconscious. Narrative provides a person's uniqueness and is a means of reproducing his experience. At the same time, in addition to interpreting the past, the narrative often describes a certain sketch of the future. Thus, through narrative a person comprehends and constructs his life.
References:
1. Abell, P. (2009) A Case for Cases, Comparative Narratives in Sociological Explanation, Sociological Methods and Research, 32, 1-33.
2. Bell, J.S. (2002). Narrative Inquiry: More Than Just Telling Stories. TESOL Quarterly, 36(2), 207–213.
3. Goosseff, Kyrill A. (2014). Only narratives can reflect the experience of objectivity: effective persuasion Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 27 Iss: 5, pp. 703 – 709
4. Gubrium, Jaber F. & James A. Holstein. (2009). Analyzing Narrative Reality. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
5. Holstein, James A. & Jaber F. Gubrium. (2000). The Self We Live By: Narrative Identity in a Postmodern World. New York: Oxford University Press.
6. Holstein, James A. & Jaber F. Gubrium, eds. (2012). Varieties of Narrative Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
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