Life-cycle assessments commonly used to analyze the environmental costs and benefits of climate-mitigation options are usually static in nature and address individual power plants. It is worth to highlight, that life-cycle assessment of the large-scale implementation of climate-mitigation technologies, addressing the feedback of the electricity system onto itself and using scenario-consistent assumptions of technical improvements in key energy and material production technologies [1].
LCA is a systematic approach to evaluate the environmental impact of products and services throughout all life cycle stages, which refer to activities during a product’s lifetime starting from raw material acquisition, its manufacture, use, and maintenance to its final disposal. It is one of the most developed and widely used environmental assessment tools available to compare alternative technologies or products with the same functional unit. In general, two approaches are used, including process chain analysis and input-output analysis [2].
The purpose of this is to compile and evaluate the environmental consequences of different options for fulfilling a certain function and it is a universally accepted approach of determining the environmental consequences of a particular product over its entire production cycle [3].
LCA can play a useful role in public and private environmental management in relation to products as this may involve both an environmental comparison between existing products and the development of new products. LCA has been the method of choice in recent years for various kinds of new technologies for bioenergy and carbon sequestration [4].
Literature:
1. Hertwich, E. G., Gibon, T., Bouman, E. A., Arvesen, A., Suh, S., Heath, G. A., … Shi, L. (2014). Integrated life-cycle assessment of electricity-supply scenarios confirms global environmental benefit of low-carbon technologies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(20), 6277–6282. doi:10.1073/pnas.1312753111.
2. Usubharatana, P., Phungrassami, H. (2018). Life Cycle Assessment for Enhanced Efficiency of Small Power Plants by Reducing Air Input Temperature. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 27(4), 1781-1793. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/78433
3. Singh, A., Pant, D., & Olsen, S. I. (Eds.). (2013). Life Cycle Assessm.ent of Renewable Energy Sources. Green Energy and Technology. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-5364-1.
4. Pant D, Singh A, Bogaert GV, Diels L, Vanbroekhoven K (2011) An introduction to the life cycle assessment (LCA) of bioelectrochemical systems (BES) for sustainable energy and product generation: relevance and key aspects. Renew Sustain Energ Rev 15:1305–1313.
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