The problems of domestic tourism development are always acute for a significant number of tourism enterprises. However, in recent years in Ukraine there has been a significant spread of the global trend - the trend of budget tourism. There are many explanations for the development of this trend. Consider the main ones.
First of all, you should keep in mind the factors associated with the cost of travel. Of course, the main expenses of tourists are usually made for accommodation in hotels and similar accommodation. However, the solution to reduce the cost of accommodation is to settle in hostels [1].
The second place in terms of costs is occupied by transport costs for travel to the country - the city of tourist destination and to the country of permanent residence, as well as costs within the country. To address the issue of unnecessary travel costs, tourists use the services of budget airlines, discounters, low-cost carriers [2]; use the opportunity to use the services of "BlaBlaCar" – a service for finding passengers, when the driver travels somewhere and takes passengers for a minimum price [3]; travel free of charge by hitchhiking [4].
The third factor – the desire to be free and independent of: hotel service and restaurant schedule at the hotel; services of tour operators, the cost of sightseeing and entertainment services can sometimes be twice as much as the manufacturer of these sightseeing and entertainment services. Equally important in this case is the desire of tourists to spend as much time, for example, to get acquainted with historical, cultural and other monuments, as they wish, and not considered appropriate guide or guide.
The fourth factor is the tourist's desire for new cities, unusual culture, the desire to get acquainted with something new and different from the usual living environment, ie the desire to go beyond the native country.
Based on these factors, it is possible to assume that the development of domestic tourism in Ukraine may experience significant stagnation in the coming years, as evidenced by relevant data.
Take for example a weekend tour for 1 person. Thus, the cost of traveling by rail Kharkiv-Odessa-Kharkiv in a compartment car is UAH (further – ₴) 1,300 or at the rate of ₴ 29 for € 1 – € 44. At the same time, the trip by plane Kharkiv-Wroclaw-Kharkiv is ₴ 381 or € 26 [5, 6]. That is, the savings on the initial costs is 18 euros, which can be spent on accommodation in hostels in Wroclaw, the cost of which will also be lower than in Odessa – from ₴ 290 (€ 10) and from ₴ 700 (€ 24) respectively [6]. If you consider a flight Kharkov-Odessa-Kharkov, the tourist will have to pay for tickets from ₴ 4200 or from € 144 [7].
Further it should be noted that the transfer Kharkiv-Odessa-Kharkiv by train will take more than 30 hours. At that time, the trip Kharkiv-Wroclaw-Kharkiv will take no more than 5-6 hours, which gives the tourist actually an extra day to get acquainted with the new city of the new country, which is different from the country of his permanent residence.
In conclusion, it can be noted that today domestic tourism in Ukraine is largely uncompetitive compared to outbound, and if this trend continues, the existence of the entire tourism industry of Ukraine will be threatened.
It is urgently to review the pricing policy for transport services, accommodation services, ensuring their quality, which will allow to speak about the preservation of domestic tourism in Ukraine and the possibility of further promotion of Ukraine as a tourist destination on the world tourist market.
References:
1. Рябєв А. А. Розвиток хостелів в м. Харкові, як ефективний шлях управління попитом на послуги підприємств готельного господарства // Туризм і місто: досвід, проблеми та перспективи: монографія / за заг. ред. І. М. Писаревського; Харк. нац. акад. міськ. госп-ва. – Х. : ХНАМГ, 2011. – Сторінки 220-228.
2. What Is A Low Cost Carrier, Really?. URL: https://onemileatatime.com/what-is-a-low-cost-carrier/ .
3. BlaBlaCar. About Us. URL: https://blog.blablacar.com/about-us
4. Gersenson J. Hitchhiking Basics: Hitchhike Intelligently. URL: https://www.stiffarmingsociety.com/hitchhiking/hitchhiking.htm .
5. Site of "Ukrzaliznytsia". URL: https://booking.uz.gov.ua
6. Cheap air tickets, hotels, rent of cars search service by Skyscanner. URL: https://www.skyscanner.com.ua/transport/flights-from/ua/cheapest-flights-from-украина.html
7. Cheap airline ticket search service by Tripmydream. URL: https://avia.tripmydream.com/routes/hrk-ods .
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