The society is now experiencing a new global transformation - the emergence of post-industrial society. Many theorists paint a picture of his labor world update: we are waiting for more skilled interesting and creative work. However, critically minded futurists warn that the work itself is slowly disappearing from our friend socio-economic space.
The rapid development of communication technologies with modern business requirements and living conditions, changing occasioned transfer workflow beyond the traditional office. Essentially zminyuyetya and the same enterprise as an economic institution. Traditional production structures are replaced by small professional groups working with the latest computer and telecommunication technologies.
Significant role played by demand for new services, characteristic of the information economy. Employers need workers information sphere. The desire to reduce the cost of their maintenance leads to the idea of moving the workflow outside the office, employers seeking flexibility are increasingly using distancing strategies. Standardized and stable "society of labor" was replaced "individualized society" [1] (Z. Bauman) and "risk society" [2] (William Beck).
Today is destandartyzatsyya employment is widespread flexible and changing forms of employment that can be called non-standard. With the rapid and stable economic growth after World War II was zformovana concept of full (standard) employment, social production in trying to attract almost all working-age population, and in industrialized countries, unemployment was only 3.1%. It was of mostly cyclical in nature, and Keynesian policies of government intervention solved the problem by stimulating demand. In 1990 the number of unemployed in the developed countries (OECD) was already 6.8%, and in the European Union - 8-11% of the economically active population. In Spain, the unemployment rate reached in some years 20-24% in Ireland and Finland exceed 15-16%. Unemployment in the current development is structural in nature. Even in periods of economic growth in employment is not increasing at the same pace.
The role of independent professionals - freelancers, self implement its services on the market. Market freelance services at present there is already enough developed in Europe and America and is rapidly developing in Ukraine and CIS countries, attracting new participants from both artists offering their services and by private individuals and companies willing to cooperate on a remote basis . Prospects for expansion of new categories of workers - electronic freelancers associated with increasing volume of work for the production and processing of information and further development of information and communication technologies and the development of broad layers of advanced workers.
Development of freelance services is based primarily on economic factors, when you can work on several customers, there are more opportunities for self-realization. One reason for the demand of enterprises for freelance workers is their effort to save costs, particularly labor costs. Freelancers do not need to formally execute the work, to ensure its social guarantees which must be provided to staff members, provide him workplace.
In Ukraine, the demand for freelance workers formed mainly by foreign companies. According to unofficial data, about 90% of Ukrainian software development funded by European and North American companies. The interest of foreign companies to the Ukrainian software is easy to explain: the relative cheapness of labor in the high quality of our experts is very interesting for their involvement in the development of software. For example, in neighboring Russia "fees" to provide similar services in half to two times higher.
Domestic enterprises prefer to use the services instead of attracting freelancers alternative ways to adapt to fluctuations in demand, formed earlier models within the Ukrainian labor market. In addition, the lack of Ukrainian labor law rules governing conditions of employment freelancers concluding agreements with them, and so with the peculiarities of this type of employment, and restrain demand for Ukrainian enterprises on non-standard employment.
Literature:
1. Bauman Z. Individualized society. M .: Logos, 2002. P. 29.
2. Beck U. The Brave New World of Work. Oxford: Polity Press, 2000. P.5.
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Науковий керівник: Світич Сергій Іванович, кандидат філологічних наук, доцент, Університет Державної Фіскальної служби України
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